HI,
I would check the iPhone end.
In Settings > Messages > Send and Receive is the iPhone Number ticked (it is likely to be greyed out)
If it is not then remove the Apple ID.
Wait to see if the iPhone Number can be selected.
If not, Turn Messages Off (or put the iPhone in Airplane mode)
Wait again.
Turn Messages back on.
If the Number can now be selected then do so.
Then re-add the Apple ID.
Reboot Messages on the Mac.
it should now get a alert style message to say the iPhone is using it's number an the Apple ID.
8:39 PM Saturday; March 2, 2013
Please, if posting Logs, do not post any Log info after the line "Binary Images for iChat"
iMac 2.5Ghz 5i 2011 (Mountain Lion 10.8.2)
G4/1GhzDual MDD (Leopard 10.5.8)
MacBookPro 2Gb (Snow Leopard 10.6.8)
Mac OS X (10.6.8),
Couple of iPhones and an iPad
"Limit the Logs to the Bits above Binary Images." No, Seriously