I may have downloaded something on to my iPhone could it be compromised?

So I was just searching something up, and this site caught my attention. For no relevant reason really to my issue. Regardless, I clicked the link, and these options came up. "Show" and "Download". This scared me and I clicked out of the site immediatly.

The site in question is; (just devided it up a little so no-one accidentally clicked it)

vscht

I did some research on vscht .cz, and found it was from the University of Chemistry and Technology, Praha. Clicking the site again, and on "show", I assume that it’s some sort of file. This does also the .xlsx part of the link suggest.

So my question is, is there any way to check if downloading this is dangerous and if I downloaded it on accident? I never clicked "download", but I just wanna make sure. Where are some key locations to check for downloaded files etc. And if it’s dangerous, what effects can it have on my iPhone?

Thank you!

[Edited by Moderator]