Apple Mail.app: deleting attachments unsuccessful when using Gmail IMAP

I use Mail.app on a Macbook (Sonoma 14.4.1) to read Gmail messages using IMAP. When I remove attachments for messages in my inbox using Apple Mail.app, I find that the original email appears twice on Gmail, once with and once without the attachment. The one without the attachment is not labeled as inbox on Gmail. None of the two is in the trash.

Is there something I can do to keep the mail without the attachment in the inbox and remove the one with the attachment completely?