Macbook Pro 2019 Overheating Constantly

It is all right here:

Drives:

    disk0 - APPLE SSD AP0128N 121.33 GB (Solid State - TRIM: Yes) ⚠️

You have the tiny, entry-level 128GB SSD, and it is nearly full. That will absolutely prevent you from upgrading the macOS† and is likely the cause of your horribly slow drive scores, which should be in the 2500-3200mb/sec range.

The place from whom I order storage upgrades does not show any internal upgrade option for that model. You could buy a larger external ThunderBolt dive and have both speed and capacity, but the does not make the computer very portable.

Chrome is not doing your any favors. It is a known resource hog and will contribute to overheating.

† — you need about 2x the size of an OS installer free space to upgrade.

Here are some observations:

• Your drive speed is horrible. This could be Hard Drive failure or a lot of the times it is related to software that is installed to run on startup.
• The Mac OS versions should be Sonoma
• Express VPN is running on startup and should be removed. There are 2 files at ~/Library/LaunchAgents.
• Google Chrome is using close to 3 GB of memory and is known to be a resource hog. Test using another browser to see if your fans calm down.
• Do you need Cisco AnyConnect? You already have Zoom and TeamViewer. It has multiple files running on startup and also a System Extension that is being blocked along with a Kernel Extension. In addition it is running a VPN agent.
• routined is the process consuming the most CPU and could be causing the high fan speed. This is most likely related to the multiple VPN services running.
• If you have just started experiencing the high fan speed in the last week, look at OneDrive that was recently installed. The syncing of OneDrive could also be causing your poor HD performance. I did notice that you said the issue started in the last couple of months.
• Turbo Boost Switcher? Not sure if it is necessary and not reducing your fan speed as advertised, so may not be working correctly.

You can try removing these items that are running on startup gradually to test for improvements or do a clean install. You won't be able to restore from backup as that will just load all the files back and will need to manually reinstall the applications needed. Test after each reinstall to determine if any particular app is giving you the problem. With the poor drive performance, I would also expect you are seeing a slow down on most operations and would also expect you are occasionally seeing the spinning beach ball.

You have macOS Big Sur installed; I recommend updating to macOS Sonoma. Your laptop is already 4 years old. If you haven't previously sought preventive maintenance at a service center, I recommend visiting one to clean the cooling system of dust and possibly replace the thermal paste.

Yep, definitely need some more free space on that drive.