The MacBook Pro information does not specify an exact build; since
the specs you state can cover 2008 through 2010. And either 13 or 15"
• How to identify Mac Pro models - Apple Support
If the hard drive is original equipment, it may well be time to have the
hard disk drive replaced; usually an Apple Store genius bar won't have
the older style hard drive or a version in stock for that old a model. But
they may; usually most recent models can get AppleCare related repair
and some a bit older if the technologies haven't changed too much; for
a reasonable fee, for those beyond the original or extended AppleCare.
Drives and cables aren't expensive by themselves; however when
repair labor is added, the number does go up somewhat. Still the
repair is much less than a new computer or one like yours already
fixed or upgraded to better capacity storage drive and more RAM.
See all models Apple, for replacement upgrade RAM, hard drive, etc.
http://eshop.macsales.com/MyOWC/Models.cfm
See the macsales.com site for upgrade options to include replacement
hard drives, solid-state-drive, RAM memory; a battery, and a charger...
Also backup external storage drives for help when you may need to
recover or store excess saved items to an off-computer archive.
While in there looking at the cable, an old rotational hard drive may be
a candidate for replacement. A new system may be installed and the
user info from the older HDD migrated. Or if the drive has been replaced
since the computer was new, it may be OK; the cable should have been
also replaced while the computer open. Some cables are more prone to
connector failure, or otherwise damaged in handling.
An iFixit repair guide could be used to help learn what is involved, see that
which matches your MacBook/Pro build model from the guides shown here:
• MacBook Pro Repair guides - iFixit:
https://www.ifixit.com/Device/MacBook_Pro
The computer should be useable for several more years, with a few parts...
That model is upgradable with replacement parts. Newest ones, not so much.
Good luck!