Q: Can you lock my iphone without active find my iphone?

No.  You can't remotely lock or locate the phone without Find buy iPhone activated.  That's why Apple prompts you to do so when activating the phone.  The other users in this user-to-user forum can't do it either (and neither does Apple).

Not sure what you mean by "password of keyboard"  - do you mean the phone passcode?   If the thief is able to open your phone, it's possible to hack most any data.  Change your Apple ID password ASAP:  Apple ID: Changing your password