Q: back

See this support document for information on how to move your content from your old device to the new one. Transfer content from an iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch to a new device - Apple Support

Mail is not something that is backed up. The Mail settings are, but not the emails themselves. Those will download again from the server when you set up the email account(s) on the device. If you have been backing up with iTunes all along, yes you can clone the new phone by restoring the iTunes backup and syncing your content again. If you use iCloud for Safari bookmarks, contacts, notes, those will download again from iCloud after you get the phone set up.

Restore your device from an iCloud or iTunes backup - Apple Support

All email account settings are backed up and restored.  Note that if your email is iCloud, you still have to enter your Apple ID/password to use the phone.