As you noticed, Photos is very different from Aperture. In Aperture we could customize the work space, define presets, create custom layouts. Photos has nearly no customization tools at all. Instead it offers ready made designs, that are fully automatic and to be used with further tweaking. So for the books, try to identify a book theme from the long list of readymade themes, that is as close as possible to the layout you want. You can change the fonts and font sizes, but not the layout of the textfields. These User Tips are showing the details on the available themes:
When you add a map to book, all places from photos you added to the book pages will be marked automatically, and you can add additional markers manually.
https://help.apple.com/photos/mac/1.2/?lang=en#/pht245fde94
Add, remove, and rename place markers on a map
After you add a map to a book page, the locations associated with your photos are automatically displayed on the map. You can add new locations, and add place markers to the map.
- Click Projects in the toolbar, then double-click a book.
- Double-click the page that contains the map, then select the map.Important: Be sure to select the map, not the page.
- Click the Options button in the toolbar.
- Do any of the following:

- Add a new place marker: Click the Add button (+). A place marker appears. Position the pointer over the place marker, click and hold until the red circle enlarges, then drag it to the desired location. Double-click the place marker name and type a location name or description.
- Manually add a location to a map: Control-click a location on the map and choose Drop Pin. A marker appears on the map, and the location appears in the Places list. Double-click the name of the new location and type a name or description.
- Remove a place marker: Click to select a place name in the Places list (click the name, not the checkbox), then click the Remove button (-).
- Show or hide a place marker: Select or deselect the checkbox next to a place name.
- Rename a map location: Double-click the location name in the Places list and type a new name.
A quick-and-dirty way to add arrows uld be to print the page with the map to PDF and to add the arrows in Preview. Then reimport the annotated map as a photo and replace the map page by page with the PDF photo of your map.