Q: sync iPhone with iMac calendars & contacts

"Cannot get through" means that I log on to iCloud using my Apple ID and password, then I get a notice that I need to enter a passcode sent to another of my Apple devices, then nothing but going back in a circle to log on to my iCloud account with my Apple account info.  I've tried using iTunes (having plugged my iPhone directly to the iMac), but when iTunes performs the sync, nothing is changed on my iPhone (calendar, contacts, etc.).

Yes

Get Outlook for iOS

The Outlook reference was just an ad on my phone.  Ignore that. 

I use the Contacts and Calendar that came with the Mac and iPhone.  I just want them to sync.  When I make a calendar entry on my iPhone, I want it to appear on my Mac calendar, and vise versa.  Thanks for your help.