Q: After installing OS X El Capitan my Seagate External Hard drive no longer appears or connects

I would try: Download and Install OS X El Capitan 10.11.6 Combo Update.

If you have no success with that then try:

Reinstall El Capitan Without Erasing Drive

       Please be sure you back up.

1. Restart the computer. Immediately after the chime hold down the Command and R keys until the Utility Menu appears.
2. Select Disk Utility and click on the Continue button.
3. Select the indented (usually, Macintosh HD) volume entry from the the side list.
4. Click on the First Aid icon in the toolbar. Wait until the Done button activates, then click on it.
5. Quit Disk Utility and return to the Utility Menu.
6. Select Reinstall OS X and click on the Continue button.

Also, see this User Tip: Basic Steps for Upgrading OS X.