Let's start with some basics first to be sure we are talking the same talk.
Logic's inspector ( which is the left column of your screen) show two inspectors and a channel strip.
One is the region inspector and the other is the track inspector. When you select a region ( green bounded container on the track) the region inspectors context is associated with the currently select region(s).
In you example you have 2 regions on the first track ( let's call them Region A and Region B). If you select Region A the region inspector parameters apply "Only" to that region, if you select Region B it "Only" applies to region B.
If you select both regions A and B and they are both selected (highlighted) then the region parameters will apply to both.
So you can select the first region (region A) and quantize it one way, then select only region B and you can quantize it differently than region A.
So you are note quantizing Midi channel 1 - you are quantizing regions ( of which yours happen to be on midi channel 1) - the midi channel is not relevant.
There is one special case, when you have no regions selected the region inspector at the top says "Midi Thru" -
This has nothing to do with any regions you currently have in the arrange window, but rather are the default region parameters applied to a region immediately after a recording.
So for example - lets say you workflow would be to record 4 bars and after recording, you manually quantize them to the 1/8th note. This is fine. However another way would be to set your midi thru region parameter to 1/8th quantize and when you record, immediately after you are don, the region will be automatically quantized to the 1/8th note for you. Hence eliminating the manual step of quantizing afterwards. ( for now I would turn off quantization on Midi thru)
So in your screen shot - You will see that you are looking at the midi thru region parameters in the inspector. This will not have any effect on any of those three regions currently in the arrange window. You must select one or more regions for the region inspectors focus to pertain to them.
Each region has its own region parameter, hence each region has its own quantization setting. For which they could be the same value or different.
So in short the answer is simply the following....
On track 1 select the first region and set the region quantization parameter to 1/8th notes. Then select region 2 and set the region quantization parameter to Triplet(?)....Done!
No need to copy to additional tracks etc... etc.
Hope this makes sense and I fully understood you question. If you knew most of this - feel free to ask a follow up.