A car insurance policy might provide cover for valuables contained in the car as long as they were out of site. If you were stupid enough to leave the laptop on the passenger seat this would typically not be covered. Realistically they would expect you to have put it in a locked boot. However there is also typically a limit on the value covered, and you also typically have to pay a compulsory excess so unless they caused a lot of damage as well it probably would not be worth claiming on a car policy. You would also possibly lose your no claims discount unless you have that 'protected'.
A house policy often but not always covers items away from the home, e.g. cameras, bicycles or in this case a laptop. Again you might have a limit on the value unless you specifically listed it as a 'high value item' when taking out the policy. Again you usually have to pay an excess and again you may lose your no claims discount.
Some credit cards, in particular some American Express cards can include a purchase protection cover and this can in some cases also cover stolen items, I am not sure how long this lasts it might not be a full year.
It is also possible to take out separate cover specifically for mobile electronic devices, i.e. phones, laptops, tablets, etc. In the UK there is a regularly advertised one called 'Protect Your Bubble'.
Did you at least have a backup of your laptop?
Find my iPhone Mac is not as effective as Find my iPhone. It is much easier to bypass. At a minimum you might have also needed to use Firmware Password protection to prevent someone booting from a different drive and erasing the laptop.
Hopefully you will learn from this experience and in future ensure -
- You have a backup
- You encrypt your laptop
- You use Find My Mac
- You consider using Firmware Password protection
- You check your insurance
- You do not leave your laptop unattended in the car