Thanks to Entropee for the very helpful steps. Unfortunately, my problem takes a different turn at step 6. When I try to open the Data folder, the only thing in the Finder window is 'Macbook Air 2015.sparsebundle', with today's date. When I try to open that file, a window pops up saying 'The following disk images couldn't be opened'.... with the reason 'resource temporarily unavailable'.
Sadly, I have two other issues compounding my problem.
First, I have been away for four months with my laptop, and so I keep getting messages that my Time Capsule couldn't complete the backup. I understand that the fix for that is to delete the 'backups.backupd.InProgress' file, but I have no idea where it is. Advice from my Google searches is simply 'open Time Machine' but I don't know what that means:
(1) I tried clicking on the Time Machine icon on the upper part of my screen to 'enter Time Machine', and on the last date I backed it up (May 31), it says 'Waiting' at the top, with no files listed; so apparently that is where the 'InProgress' file is lurking. How do I delete it? Surprisingly, there are backups in Time Capsule since May 31, even up to yesterday-- why, when it says it can't complete the backup?
(2) The other way I've tried to 'open Time Machine' is to click on the AirPort in the Shared section of my list in the Finder sidebar-- leading to the aforementioned 'sparsebundle' problem.
Second, I updated to Sierra before I returned, so may have the Sophos/TimeMachine/Sierra problem described by others. I have disabled it-- must I actually uninstall it?
Third, I changed ISPs to AT&T and relocated the AirPort to the new router-- I can see it with the AirPort Utility and all seems well there.
Hoping for any advice...