Well, here's what did not work and how I solved it.
I was pretty sure that there was trouble reading the disc, as /var/log/install.log showed such lines as
BomFileError 5: Input/output error - ./Instrument Library/Sampler/Sampler Files/Trombones/Trombones
stac_mf1/PO-3_stac_mf1D3.wav
I contacted the tech support over the phone. They told me (1) that they can't ship replacement discs right now, and (2) that I should make an image with Disk Utility, mount it and launch the LS8 installer asking it to install only the missing Jam Pack. (In my case, that was Jam Pack Content 2: the Orchestal stuff.)
Unfortunately, using Disk Utility failed in the same way – displaying an Input/Output error halfway through the disc.
Here's what worked: I put the disc into another machine, made an image from there and mounted it on the MacBook. For the record: it was a Linux machine with a Pioneer DVR-110D drive, I used the command "cat /dev/dvd > jampack2.iso", I shared the directory over AFP and mounted it remotely on the MacBook. However, any kind of machine and software with a different drive might work (e.g. a Windows box with Nero, or a Mac with another model of DVD drive…), and it would have been equally good to copy the whole image on the local hard disk and mount it from there.
After mounting the image, I launched the installer, selected the missing Pack and it worked smoothly.
I'll try to get replacements anyway, though. 🙂