There should be a port forwarding setup page in your router's configuration webpages, typically accessed by going to
http://192.168.1.1 or similar (look in your System Preferences Network TCP/IP tab to find the "gateway" IP address, that's where you want to direct your web browser). Somewhere in the router configuration, there should be something to forward ports. Every router is different. Basically, you need to tell the router to forward all port 22 traffic to your home computer. You may need to specify your home computer's specific 192.168.x.x IP address as the target, or your router may be smart enough to associate your computer's name to the IP address and all you need to do is specify or select that. You may or may not need to disable DHCP and implement static IP on your home network, or restrict the DHCP address pool to a smaller number of addresses and assign the computer a static address outside the DHCP pool. Or DHCP may be okay -- it depends totally on the router. Pay a visit to
http://portforward.com and see if they give you directions on how to forward ports through your particular make and model of modem/router. If they don't specifically address secure shell (ssh) just choose one and substitute port 22 for whatever port(s) they say. If your modem/router is not listed, your user's manual for your modem/router should tell you how to do that.
I would also recommend that if you have a laptop or second Mac available to you on your home network, make sure you can connect via ssh into, as a minimum, the command line interface whilst inside your home LAN, so if you have problems, you know where to start working (Sys Prefs Sharing or router config) to solve it. Then start adding these extra services -- can you do AFP or VNC directly inside your LAN? IF so, now can you tunnel them per the many instructions on other posts in this forum? Now can you do it from outside your router?