Brian,
Thanks for testing with me by email. As I reported to you by email, I thought your problem might derive from your Signature, which is in Rich Text. When I selected Plain Text Alternative, the font in your name in the Signature changed, and the attachment disappeared from view (no Icon or View in Place) but it would display with the Slideshow button. This suggested to me that the attachment was being corrupted by the Rich Text Signature. Viewing the message in Raw Source, also suggested involvement with your Signature.
Since your testing without using your Signature resolved the problem, I noted that it has often been the case in earlier versions of Mail, both in Jaguar and Panther, as well. In Tiger Mail (2.0.x) you can have a different Signature for each account, and often could not use the one imported from Panther. I have to suspect that you may have altered (even if only slightly) your Signature you were currently using, and that is the difference now when using Tiger.
I am not sure you have to forego the use of the Signature, nor that you must only compose the Signature with Plain Text. However you will have to experiment with different versions of your Signature, and perhaps adding blank lines to it will help. Let us know what your further tests suggest.
Ernie