I consult for CalDigit, and use their products, so let me take a crack at this. I will be getting the HDOne very soon myself.
Differences:
Controller cache: The HDPro comes with 256MB of controller cache...upgradable to 2GB. The HDOne is 256MB only...not upgradable. What that means is that with more memory in the controller cache, the seek times remain high even when the unit starts to fill up with data. Typically the fuller the drives, the slower the read/write. Having controller cache eases the burden by keeping information about what is stored on the drive in RAM...thus making seek times faster. VERY good when dealing with 2K footage and your drives are full. Keeps the speeds fast.
HDPro has a Cache Battery Backup...so if you lose power to the unit, the cache retains the data for a period of time..meaning it doesn't need to rebuild that information. The HDOne lacks this.
HDPro has options for TWO power control units...load sharing, meaning each takes on half the power load. And if one fails, then the other can take the full brunt. This ships as an option on the HDPRO. The HD One ships with one power control unit only.
The HD Pro was designed for the HIGH END guys working with 4:4:4 HD and 2K. So that the speeds you get with the unit empty are the same you get with the unit full, and built in redundancy across the board. The HDOne is pared down for the guys like me who work with compressed HD like DVCPRO HD, and don't need the huge read write speeds to remain so high.
Shane
HD Pro is hot swappable, meaning you can unmount the drives, and with the unit powered up, remove the drives without an issue. With the HD One, you should first power down the unit, then remove the drives.