I don't really have much technical knowledge.. have just picked up stuff along the way.
AFAIK:
when it comes to mastering, any kind of linear phase EQ is by far the choice most engineers would go for... this is because a mixed track is a very complex beast, with a lot of very precisely sculpted and placed elements within it.. well, in theory at least.. 😉
so, using an EQ that messes with phase risks to cause all sorts of unwanted shifting and artefacts all throughout the mix when all you are trying to do is EQ it. this manifests as blurring of stereo placement, and even things like transients and punch being affected badly. so linear phase is by far the choice for mastering cos it does not do this at all.
when it comes to EQing individual sounds.. really, it's anyone's call. you should learn the sound of your EQs by imprinting their signature in your brain. treat yourself like an impulse response analyser, and learn the character of every EQ you have.
sometimes, I even go for the fat EQ because I am looking for its particular kind of notchiness on a certain sound. other times, I'll go for a UAD cambridge because I like the way it helps reveal grain and harmonics without being brittle. also, right now I'm really liking the URS EQs.
linear phase or otherwise, when you are equalising individual sounds in your mix, it's really about finding the frequency scuplting tool(s) that give the nuances you are after. if a certain EQ does it with a touch of pleasant personality that works, then great. if it unfocuses and disturbs your sound in unwanted ways, try something else.
generally speaking though, linear phase EQs are a cleaner sounding EQ, which is useful when that is what you are after.