Well there are not any volume controls on the screen while in a call, so cannot see how any screen touches would do this (plus screen should turn off while next to ear while on a call).
I will assume you are not touching the volumn on the side.
If you can repeat this consistantly, I would make an appt at Apple Store (call 1-800-MY-IPHONE first) to show them. However, I would say first do a restore because that is going to be the first thing they will want you to try, so get that out of the way. If they witness the problem and there is no physical damage to the phone caused by a drop, they should replace it on the spot.