As someone pointed out, there are adapters out there to convert an IDE/PATA drive to an SATA you are still limited to the slowest link in the chain, that being the IDE interface, so you won't get SATA speeds out of an SATA drive when patched into a Parallel interface. And right now PATA drives in large capacities are available so why not just get the PATA. Unless of course the idea was you already have SATA drives that you wanted to take advantage of.
If that is the case, then two things. One, it MIGHT work if the drive with adapter will fit inside the eMac's tight mounting location for the drive. And second, it MIGHT not work if there is any sort of incompatibility between the adapter and the eMac's bus. It might not be worth the risk of glitches and problems with your primary drive. For hooking up a second drive or for a backup drive, perhaps ok.
Patrick