This might sound a bit crazy but it might be worth keeping an eye on Craigslist or Kijiji in your area as well and look for complete kits which might contain the missing bits you are looking for such as the AC adaptor, modem, cables and adaptors.
I would also recommend local computer recyclers as these are very old laptops so for the most part they are being sold as scrap or collectors items. You can't win.... not saying it's a bad computer just that it's age makes it something to think twice about in terms of spending the $$$ for upgrades since you could easily spend upwards of $100 on these bits vs spending that same amount of money on a used PowerBook G3 Wallstreet or perhaps even a Lombard which would be a lot more useful.....
As Jan mentioned you can't add USB to this PowerBook.
But for me the most useful upgrades would be,
-more memory, problem is this PowerBook uses proprietary memory cards eg they are only specific to the 165c and 180c. This place sells it but I believe it will be cheaper to find a working or dead PB 165c/180c and pull the memory from it.
http://www.memoryx.net/powerbook180c.html
-Instead of the Express modem you might want to consider an Asante EN/SC SCSI to ethernet adaptor. They came in several versions but the one you want is the mini version with the square 50 oin plug that fits into the SCSI port on the back of the 180c. I only see one on eBay and it's insanely priced. But installing this will allow you to access ethernet for filesharing if you have a hub or router and also have limited access to the internet.... I say limited only due to the age of the browsers you can use due to OS, speed and memory of that PowerBook.
-SCSI internal HD, due to the age of the PowerBook there is a good chance it is worn out.
The HDI 30 adaptor is not a USB connection. What it is is a cable that allows you to attach a standard centronics 50 device to your PowerBook (Apple cables, aftermarket cables can be DB 25) and attach that cable to an external SCSI device such as a CD rom or hard drive. There are two types of Apple cables one which puts the PowerBook into SCSI disk mode so it can be hooked up as an external SCSI device and standard one that allows you to attach SCSI devices. If you are buying Apple cables the light grey cable is the one you want as this is not the SCSI disk mode cable. A darker grey almost black cable is the wrong one. Sorry this is really confusing. Granted you'd probably want some SCSI devices to hook up to...
I didn't think a SCSI to USB connector existed but it looks like it did at one time,
http://www.usbgear.com/computercabledetails.cfm?sku=326605&cats=117&catid=644%2C117
Seems rather expensive though and again you could buy a used PowerBook G3 for that kind of money.
Other cables here,
http://www.nextag.com/scsi-to-usb/products-html
This is the adaptor Jan is talking about,
http://www.computercablesource.com/scsi-adapter-apple-powerbook-hdi-30-male-to-d b-25-female-external-se-981.html
Personally I never had good success with these adaptors and preferred the cables.
I'm probably the last one to talk someone out of maxing out an old PowerBook but the cost might not make sense....
Kevin