Eye strain from LED backlighting in MacBook Pro

There is one relatively serious con of the new LED backlit displays in the new MacBook Pros that seems to not get too much mention in the media. About a month ago I bought a new MacBook Pro to replace my standard white MacBook. One feature of the MacBook Pro that I was unaware of was the introduction of the LED backlit display to replace the CCFL backlight.

Once I started using my new laptop for long periods of time, I noticed severe eye strain and minor symptoms almost similar to motion sickness. After 20 or 30 minutes of use, I felt like I had been looking at the screen all day. Much longer and I would get headaches. If I used the old white MacBook (with its CCFL display), I had no eye troubles at all. Moreover, I could detect a distinct flicker on the MacBook Pro display when I moved my eyes across it - especially over high contract areas of the screen. White text on a black background was virtually impossible for me to read without feeling sick to my stomach because of all the flickering from moving my eyes over the text.

The strangest thing about all of this was that nobody else I showed the screen to could see these flickers I was seeing. I began to question my sanity until I did a little research. Discovering that the MacBook Pro introduced a new LED backlit display started to shed some light (so to speak) on what might be going on. I had long known that I could see LED flicker in things like car taillights and christmas lights that most of my friends could not see. I also knew that I could easily see the "rainbow effect" in DLP televisions that many other people don't see.

My research into LED technology turned up the fact that it is a bit of a technological challenge to dim an LED. Varying the voltage generally doesn't work as they are essentially designed to be either on or off with a fixed brightness. To work around this limitation, designers use a technique called pulse width modulation to mimic the appearance of lower intensity light coming out of the LED. I don't claim to fully understand the concept, but it essentially seems to involve very briefly turning off the LED several times over a given time span. The dimmer the LED needs to appear, the more time it spends in the off state.

Because this all happens so very quickly, the human brain does not interpret the flickers as flickers, rather as simply dimmer light. For most people that is. Some people (myself included) are much more sensitive to these flickers. From what I can tell, the concept is called the "flicker fusion threshold" and is the frequency at which sometime that is actually flickering is interpreted by the human brain as being continuously lit. While the vast majority of people have a threshold that doesn't allow them to see the flicker in dimmed LEDs, some people have a higher threshold that causes them to see the flickering in things like LED car tail lights and, unfortunately, LED backlit displays - leading to this terrible eye strain.

The solution? I now keep my screen turned up to full brightness to eliminate the need for the flicker-inducing pulse width modulation. The screen is very bright, but there are no more flickers and I love my MacBook Pro too much to exchange it for a plain MacBook with CCFL backlighting (which will also supposedly be switching to LED backlighting in 2009 anyway.) The staff at my local Apple store was of course more than helpful and was willing to let me exchange my glossy screen for matte even though I was beyond the 14 day return period. I knew that wasn't the problem though as my old MacBook was a glossy display. I've decided to stick with my full brightness solution. Sitting in a brightly-lit room tends to help alleviate how blinding the full brightness of the screen can be. In a dimly-lit room I guess I just wear sunglasses. Either way, the extreme brightness is worlds better than the sickening flicker I saw with a lower brightness setting

I would caution anybody considering buying a product with an LED backlit display to pay careful attention to make sure you don't have this same sensitivity. Turn the screen brightness down, find a high contract area of the screen, and quickly move your eyes back and forth over the screen. If you can detect the flicker, you may end up with this same problem.

I have no idea what percentage of the population has this sensitivity. I imagine we will hear more about it as more and more displays start using this technology. Hopefully the Apple engineers will come up with a way to eliminate this flicker some of us can see.

Russ Martin

15-inch MacBook Pro, Mac OS X (10.5.4)

Posted on Aug 23, 2008 8:25 AM

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Jul 23, 2013 5:17 AM in response to Exandas

Thanks ;-)


During my tests i realized that in order to localize where the problem is, we must do separate tests of backlight and matrix. First the most important is backlight test. So you need to remove the matrix and instead place sheet of ex. newspaper. If the backlight is good you shouldn't have any bad sensations even after many hours at looking at.

Jul 26, 2013 1:34 AM in response to LovesDogs0415

There is a new Smartphone coming this year, maybe in September. It is the first Smartphone that uses an E Ink display. Provided that its light is a "good" one or can be turned off, we should not have any problems with it. The only problem could be said screen light or flickering status LEDs when you recieve a message. Let's hope any light is optional.


I would prefer an iPhone, that's for sure. For me the iPad 4 is my first iOS device and the first device with a screen that does not cause the usual heavy symptoms I get from looking at LCD screens. Well there is noticable eye strain, but it is strongly reduced compared to other LCDs. I can use the iPad 4 for prolongued time with low brightness setting. I suppose there may be different shippings with different hardware, maybe I got lucky.

Well, that good experience is the reason I bought an iPhone 4S to replace my old mobile phone. Unluckily, that iPhone 4S caused heavy eye pain after just a minute of usage. So, do you people think there are good chances that its predecessor, the iPhone 4, could make a difference? It is tiresome to buy new phones just to notice the same problems over and over. I already tried other manufacturers with no luck.


(Sorry for my strange english, I'm not a native speaker.)

Jul 26, 2013 1:52 AM in response to spprt

spprt, sorry to say that but I guess no one here could tell you for sure whether the iPhone 4 that you get will be comfortable to your eyes... It appears that different batches of iPhones have different level of backlight comfort. And the newer batches seems to be worse than the elder ones.


In my case, I have an iPhone 4S which I think is very comfortable, and it was one of the very first batches. However, when my sister got her 4S around a year later, it wasn't so comfortable (but still quite tolerable) compared with mine.

Jul 26, 2013 1:52 AM in response to RMartin111

For all people who have problems with Windows: I realized that the reason Windows Vista and 7 hurt my eyes much more than other OS is Aero (the 3D accelerated interface with glass borders and such). If I turn off Aero by switching to the classical skin, those particular "Windows" eye strain is gone. Same for Windows XP, which does not have a 3D surface in the first place. I successfully tried this on several computers and external displays. Not on a MacBook though, but maybe it helps there, too.

Jul 26, 2013 2:29 AM in response to Eric Leung1

By the way, I would like to share a bit on my experience on an AMOLED screen.


My current phone is a Samsung Galaxy Note 2, and it uses an AMOLED (OLED) display. (I would really hope to use the iPhone 5, but it hurts my eyes badly...)


The default settings of the Note 2 weren't too comfortable to my eyes, but after trying many methods, I think the following works pretty well to me:


  1. For "Screen Mode", avoid using "Standard" or "Dynamic", use "Natural" or "Movie". The color will look less vibrant (the display's default color settings are way too much saturated anyway!), but most likely your eyes would feel immediately more comfortable looking at it.
  2. The next thing is to eliminate the flicker. To do that, disable "auto brightness" and set the brightness to max. Then use some 3rd party software to reduce the brightness. I use the app named "Screen Filter" to set the brightness at 40% (good enough for most indoor use) and I think it's pretty good. With this setting, flickering is almost totally gone, and the screen would look very stable with brightness doesn't hurt the eyes.
    Also, due to the characteristics of OLED display, when using "Screen Filter", each pixel emit less light itself rather than having a matrix blocking the backlight and thus the effect is more effective. It doesn't seem to have much impact on power consumption too.
    However, the total number of colors that the screen could display would probably reduced quite a bit if dimming it this way. But that doesn't bother me at all for normal daily use.
    And also, I'm not very sure if keeping the OLED on all the time (removing its flicker) would reduce it's life, though, I have been doing that to my phone for over half a year and it still seems to be working pretty well.


With the above settings, I can look at the phone pretty much freely without too much problem most of the time. Just not use it as an ebook reader and look at it for too long.


I highly recommend anyone giving the above methods a try if they found the Samsung AMOLED phones hurting the eyes.

Jul 26, 2013 6:42 AM in response to spprt

SPPRT! I suffer from the Apple Screens and had to return my MacBook Pro, the iPhone made my eyes sting like crazy after a few seconds. On vacation just a few weeks ago, I had to use my husband's iphone 4S to send a few text messages to our pet sitter. I had tried his before with bad symptoms. This time, for some reason, still not understood, I used it those few times without discomfort. So, when I got home I bought an iPhone of my own and it REALLY hurt my eyes. I had to decide within 14 days or lose all my money. A last effort was to try a Belkin IRIS (R) ANTI-Glare Screen. GLARE SCREENS NEVER WORKED FOR ME BEFORE. Somehow, this does and I am able to use the iPhone long enough to send texts and use the phone. I also have the brightness turned down very low, which also did not help previously. I don't use it for watching videos. This is very weird and I only report it to support that some phones are made differently and you just have to try. The Samsung screens hurt and I'm the one who got nauseous just standing in the Microsoft store, the light emitting from the screens was so intense. I desperately wanted to use the iPhone and kept trying. This is just a fix that works sometimes and I hope that Apple will eventually turn attention to this horrible problem from which so many of us suffer in America and abroad.

Jul 26, 2013 8:48 AM in response to LovesDogs0415

LoveDogs0415, I think it's the blue in the iPhone LED that's making your eye discomfort.


Before we have a good blue filter to filter out the troublesome blue light, from what I have tried so far, the most effective way in reducing discomfort from these type of scenario is to reduce overall brightness by using external filters (not just using iPhone's brightness control).


I have an idea for your case, maybe you can try sticking one of those "mirror" protectors for your screen. I'm referring to those that make your screen shiny like a mirror when the screen is off. These kind of protectors have a "side effect" of cutting down the light coming out from the screen. Perhaps it would work better than the anti-glare protector that you're using.


Just a thought 🙂

Aug 8, 2013 12:03 PM in response to StefanD13

Hi StefanD13, I am also suffering from new-tech screens and have symptoms like eye strain and headaches. After reading your posts on color dithering, I did a bit online search and learned how to disable the color dithering for IE (internet explorer). Surprisingly, I felt almost an instant relief when using IE after I disabled the color dithering option in IE. If I understand it correctly, color dithering could come from software (IE,Safari), hardware (monitor, graphic card) and operating systems (Win 7,8). I think that is why I did not feel a complete relief since I was not able change anything to the monitor or operating system (I am using a PC laptop with Win 7). I was just wondering if it is possible to completely eliminate clolor dithering on a computer.


Interestingly, peopole reported that dithering might also cause flicker on MAC (https://code.google.com/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=226753). Not sure if this could possibly establish the link between dithering and flicker. By the way, I can get similar symptoms when I have motion sickness or play 3d video games like counter strike. I feel like the dithering issue has to do with the similar reasons that cause motion sickness.

Aug 9, 2013 9:15 AM in response to Jerry3012

Jerry3012, without the dithering you still have issues?


An input for everyone here: In thinking about my feedback and diagnoses from Neurology I would say one thing we can sort of clarify is how there are different symptoms for everyone. There are two main categories we could assume are causing most everyone's issue.


1: Inner ear issue stimulated by movement in ones vision, maybe dithering, flicker and 3D TV's are the main culprits here?


2: Optically triggered Migraines with Vertigo, MY diagnoses and most likely caused more from blue light spectrum/flicker than 3D or motion technology like dithering.


Some simple tests with an ENT or Neurologist could diagnose your issue and possibly your personal triggers, there are physical tests done specifically to find whether or not you have an inner ear issue.


Hopefully these thoughts are helpful, I believe it provides some clarity on why so many people have different but the same reactions to tablets/monitors.


Jessiah AKA Jesse

Aug 9, 2013 10:34 AM in response to Jessiah1

Hi Jesse, without the dithering in IE, I felt instant relief when using IE. But I am not sure if I completely eliminated the color dithering in the computer by simply changing one of the IE options because, as I said, there might be other sources for the color dithering including hard ware and operating system.


I can easily get motion sickness on a ship or get headaches when playing 3d video games. Not sure if these have the same trigger.

Aug 12, 2013 4:17 PM in response to RMartin111

Hello,


I am currently experiencing difficulty focusing on the screen and mild dizziness (similiar to motion sickness) on my 3 day old MacBook Pro Retina 13.3". I have 20/20 vision. I have found when I read text really fast, it isn't that bad, but when I am taking my time it is very hard to focus.


I am not sure what's causing this -- I currently have an HP Mini 110 with an LED backlit screen, and that works great for me. The only thing I can think of is this HP Mini 110 has a matte rather than glossy screen, but even when there is no evident reflections, I still suffer when reading text fast. Some questions:


- Does the MacBook Pro Retina (I just ordered it a week ago, but I think it's technically the 2012 model) use IPS or TN?


- Does this MBPR use PWM? The darker screen actually seems to make the focusing better. The difficulty focusing is mostly on text, especially code with Eclipse.


Most important: People experiencing any kind of eye strain with MBP's, what did you wind up purchasing? I can't find any company that will sell modern CCFL backlit laptops.


People that purchased any matte screen covering, did that help?


Thank you!

Aug 12, 2013 5:19 PM in response to Jerry3012

Also, just curious. After spending more time with this display, it has become easier on my eyes. People experiencing similiar symptoms to motion sickness and having difficulty focusing, have your eyes gotten used to the MBPR display? I really want to keep the device, but not at the expense of my eyesight. I don't mind putting up with these symptoms for a week or even longer...but the main issue is I have 10 days to return this. I wish I could get more technical information on the displays used in the 13.3" MBPR screen and the HP Mini 110.


Any replies would be greatly appreciated.


Thanks!

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Eye strain from LED backlighting in MacBook Pro

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