Open a program that has an edit menu, like TextEdit. Click Edit -> Special Characters. Make sure at the top you have "View: All Characters" and "by Category" tab selected. Look in the left panel under "Symbols" then "Numbers and Number Symbols". Scroll down to find super- and sub-script digits (0-9). Hover your mouse over one to find the UTF8 code. For example, subscript-0 is "E2 82 80".
To use it in code, do something like this:
NSString *sub0 = @"₀";