One way I've gotten around some weird problems like this in the past is to export my calendars to the Desktop, and then re-import them back into iCal. I'm not sure if this will work for you, however. You also might try backing up and restoring via File->Back up iCal... . Hope that helps.
Edit: if the problem is related to a calendar you've published, Apple offers these suggestions (from iCal Help):
■ If you want to change events on a calendar that you published on the Internet, but you’ve deleted the calendar from your Calendars list, you need to re-create the calendar with all its events, give it the same name as the published calendar, and then publish the new calendar. The new calendar will replace the previously published one.
■ If you can’t change an event for which you are the organizer, or you can’t change the attendee settings for an event you’ve been invited to, make sure all your email addresses are listed on your Address Book card (the card marked “me”).