I had the same problem with the same error. Is your iPhone nearly full?
My iPhone only had 280 mb of free space left on it when I tried to update it. I went to the music tab and removed my music from the phone and tried it again. It's currently installing the update, so I'm guessing there wasn't enough free space on the phone to fit the update.
If your phone is nearly full like mine was, I'd set it to not sync something, just to give it a little wiggle room. After you've installed the update, then you can probably sync it up just like before.