The "for iPhone" picture file.
You mean a folder that contains these photos that you selected under the Photos tab for your iPhone sync preferences?
Is this a single folder that includes all photos, or a parent folder with multiple folders within that includes photos?
You don't need to delete the photos from your computer.
If you selected a single folder that includes all photos, remove the photos from the selected folder that you don't want transferred to your iPhone followed by a sync. This will remove the photos from your iPhone.
If you selected a parent folder with multiple folders within that includes photos and these photos that were transferred to your iPhone are in a separate folder within the parent folder, remove the folder that contains these photos from the parent folder followed by a sync.