No, it is not. In fact, prior to MobileSyncBrowser, the only way to access the data was to manually parse the SQLite database files using a command line script and some intuition, which is what icebike was referring to above.
I should point out that MobileSyncBrowser is not accessing the messages +on the iPhone+, but is actually mining the data in the iPhone backup file on your hard disk (that's how the manual method works, too). That means two things - 1) it works without the iPhone attached, and more importantly, 2) to get your SMS messages, you'll need to have synced your iPhone to allow the backup to be made, so it's current.