Guys, after all this back-and-forth, my problem was solved today. I used iKlear cleaner (a cleaner/polisher recommended by Apple to clean most Apple products). And so far all the white splotches have gone! The Macbook looks brand new!
I'm still not sure why the marks would appear in the first place. I've had other silver metal laptops and never did I have this problem, even after years of use. Plus, the Apple phone support folks told me to try rubbing alcohol, which didn't work. The employee at the Los Angeles Grove Apple store recommended iKlear.
iKlear is non-toxic, environmentally friendly, and safe to use. On the label it actually states that it won't absorb into your skin. So, if you have reactions to strong chemical/cleaners (like me) then you should be fine with this. It also cleans the glossy display and the keyboard. It does say to avoid using it on the trackpad (not sure why).
Bottom line: iKlear works. I'll let you know if the spots reappear and if iKlear continues to work. It'll probably be a ritual of me cleaning my aluminum Macbook unibody with iKlear once or twice a month. No big deal. Though, again, I've never had to be so concerned with wiping down a laptop before. But Macs are worth it!