Aloha, Commonman.
In addition to the suggestions provided by others, there are few more options:
When you're looking at your Desktop -- Finder View -- go to the toolbar at the top/left and pull down your "View" menu and select "View Options." Then, you'll see a dialog box.
You'll notice that you can expand the size of the icons using the slider bar on top (as big as 128 X 128, which is VERY BIG), and in that same dialog box you can increase the size of the fonts by using the appropriately named pulldown menu bar.
You can make similar adjustments for viewing ALL your folders (or you can make individual folders view adjustments). Open your Home folder, and again pull down "View" menu, and again using "View Options", you can set the defaults so that the views and font settings (and other) of ALL your folders will be similarly formatted (or assign different settings to individual folders' views). You'll see that when you use "View Options" in your Home folder, you'll have several additional options than what you saw when you opened it from your Desktop.
Also, as some of the other writers have acknowledged, adjusting the display resolution is an option. BUT, personally, the degradation of the image quality just isn't worth it.
In fact, if you make the adjustments in View Options, AND to font sizes in the preferences of your frequently used applications, PLUS, allow yourself a little bit of time to adjust to the larger workspace of the 24 inch display, I think you'll find that this combination should do the trick.
Prior to getting my 24 inch iMac, I had previously used two displays. It took me a few weeks to get used to the iMac's large display. Now, with the display settings at 1920 X 1200, icon settings at 48 x 48 and font size at 13 for my Finder View Options, and application preferences appropriately sized, I would not go back... 🙂
By the way, Onyx, a system utility freeware, is also an alternative option to Tinker Tool. However, Onyx is not for the faint of heart, and users should be very careful to read the instructions the developers provide. On the other hand, it's a very powerful utility that can help you make a lot of adjustments, and perform maintenance that you'd ordinarily have to go through Terminal to make.
Onyx can be downloaded at:
http://www.titanium.free.fr/
Please let us know if this helps.
Best Regards,
HJ