I've been having pretty much the same problems as others here, my Mac reads and writes fine to my Airport disk, however Windows 7 seems to copy files fine off the disk however will rarely if ever write files to the disk.
I have downgraded the firmware on my Airport to 7.3.2 and things seem to be working for the time being. I saw this solution posted in a thread about Time Capsules also having this problem
http://discussions.apple.com/thread.jspa?threadID=2098360&start=15&tstart=0
Here are the instructions someone posted about downgrading firmware
To download older versions of firmware, follow these instruction from
http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1218
If I have a computer or device that does not work well with an AWD with the latest update, how can I install previous (earlier) versions of firmware?
1. Open AirPort Utility.
2. From the AirPort Utility menu, hold the Option key (Control key in Windows XP and Vista) and choose Check for Updates....
3. Select the specific firmware version you require.
4. Click Download.
5. Select your base station and choose Manual Setup from the Base Station menu, or double-click on the AWD icon.
6. Choose Base Station > Upload Firmware.
7. Select a firmware version and click OK.
This downgrade seems to be working for me so far, so might be worth a try for others.