Well, I spent 11 hours on this yesterday.
I determined it wasn't anything in ~/Library/Application support, but I did find a 100% repeatable issue with a preference file. If if was in, blurry icons; out - no blurry icons. Got really excited... but read on. (The file was com.apple.proapps.plist, but I don't think that's important.)
Carefully replaced things are rebooted. (I must have rebooted 150 times yesterday.) And the situation was good... for a few minutes.
I'll cut to the chase here: it seems that right after I start (now that the corrupt plist is out) everything is fine. Then, when I launch an application, everything is fine. Launch the next application... and the fuzzy icons are back.
What's interesting is that it does not make any difference -what- those two applications are... any two will do.
So, I think the problem is complex: something is corrupting a (perhaps random) Apple preference file. If that happens, I get low-rez icons all the time.
Then there's an apparent limit of the number of things running which triggers it. Exceed that certain number, and the problem returns.
Now, is that because some other plist got smacked? I dunno.
FWIW, during all my testing yesterday, I got my suspicions raised by a few things, but -without any proof- (YMMV, etc) and I considered the OSAX scripting addition installed by Default Folder. I also considered Menu Meters (since it links into disk activity.)
On startup (yes: I pulled these and then returned them when I didn't see any difference) I also have Chronosync scheduler; DropBox; Contour Shuttle; Kensington TrackballWorks and the Default Folder helper.
So:
1) I'm still affected by it.
2) I think two or more things are interacting to cause it.
3) I think that #2 can cause a corruption in a .plist file that will make the low-rez display "permanent."
4) since it only happens for me if some threshold number of running apps must be hit, I'd wonder about the Dock, too.
This is a non-trivial problem, although I strongly suspect that it's third-party software that is either a) buggy, or b) not playing nice.