Interesting... I had personally never seen this issue on either of my systems up through 10.6.4. Now, after updating my server to 10.6.5 (via full combo updater) I've seen it twice on my MBP. Both times were the same as what Jack_Overfull described--had an AFP volume mounted over the network, it flaked out abruptly for no apparent reason, hanging the Finder and anything else that attempted to access it. Killing Finder and attempting to reopen resulted in the 10810 error, nor was I able to soft restart--a standard reboot command didn't do anything, and "sudo reboot now" just hung at the blue screen with spinner after the user session logged out.
This happened once with the MBP on 10.6.4, and once with it on 10.6.5, which is two times more than I've seen it to date.
There are two odd things, which won't really help anybody, but I find interesting:
1) This is unquestionably the first time I've ever seen this particular error, and I installed 10.6.0 on the day it shipped, and every OS update in between. No difference in the network mount behavior, either--the server volume is always mounted. I had seen similar behavior--a flaked-out AFP mount hanging the entire I/O subsystem of the OS--before, but it's actually been much LESS common under 10.6 than before--I hadn't seen a single such a hang on my laptop since I installed 10.6 (I have seen them periodically on my i7 iMac, though they were not accompanied by this error and may have been due to a non-network mount).
Phrased differently, the "Unable to reconnect to network volume" floating dialogue has worked near-flawlessly in 10.6 to date.
2) At the exact same time as this error occurred, my iMac also hung with the same behavior. With one exception: Finder did NOT give this error, it just hung when you tried to relaunch it. "sudo umount -f /Volumes/share" hung, and stuck processes refused to be killed regardless of flags, which is the behavior I usually see on hung I/O.
Also weird, the server was absolutely fine--it reported no problems, the drive was running smoothly, I could unmount and mount it manually via Disk Utility with no problem, and I could turn file sharing off and on without any complaints.
Could obviously just be a nasty coincidence, but it does seem strange that I only started seeing this error after installing 10.6.5 on my server.