I spent several hours reading all the posts and trying several fixes. Nothing really worked out. So this is a short summary of all the ideas and posts which have been made before. Currently I'm absolutely unsure which of the components is the main cause of this problem.
Mac OS X: might be an issue
USB 3.0 on a USB 2.0 port: no (works perfect with several other devices)
Controller of the enclosure (Jmicron): might be
Discs in the enclosure (Seagate): might be
I'm using:
Mac Mini mid 2011 (no USB 3.0)
OS is 10.9 but it also occurred in 10.8
I have a working 1TB WD USB 3.0 external drive which never ejects
I have a external case with 5 Seagate Surveillance, 7200rpm, 64MB, 3TB, SATA-3, 24/7
The external drive has a JMicron USB to ATA/ATAPI Bridge
The only thing which has worked 2 times in months was unplugging the whole enclosure (also power). Wait several days. Plugging it in again. Wait and don't use the drive for reading or writing data and hope it is not ejected. After 1 or 2 days you can use it and it might work.
I tried already the following points, all didn't work out (tested by coping 4 files with a total size of 5.4 GB and the drive was always ejected after 300MB to 1.7 GB).
Remove vendors driver to use Aples native one
https://discussions.apple.com/thread/2151621?start=780&tstart=0
--> Didn't work <--
open a DMG and a text file in it
https://discussions.apple.com/thread/2151621?start=750&tstart=0
--> Didn't work <--
Use USB 2 cable
--> Didn't work <--
Unload the driver
https://discussions.apple.com/thread/2151621?start=615&tstart=0
sudo kextload /System/Library/Extensions/IOFireWireFamily.kext/Contents/PlugIns/AppleFWOHCI.k ext/
sudo kextunload /System/Library/Extensions/IOFireWireFamily.kext/Contents/PlugIns/AppleFWOHCI.k ext/
--> Didn't work <--
Backup Plus firmware update tool for Mac OS
http://www.seagate.com/support/downloads/item/backup-plus-mac-firmware-updater-m aster-dl/
the 5 single drives are Seagate, but not the enclosure so this didn't work
--> Didn't work <--
S.M.A.R.T. for USB and FireWire Drives
https://www.macupdate.com/app/mac/47045/s.m.a.r.t.-for-usb-and-firewire-drives
Now I see the SMART status but the drive is ejected any way
--> Didn't work <--
Disable Spotlight
https://discussions.apple.com/thread/2151621?start=825&tstart=0
--> Didn't work <--
use USB 2.0 extension
https://discussions.apple.com/thread/2151621?start=825&tstart=0
--> Didn't work <--
exchange USB 3.0 driver
really crazy idea as the mac mini mid 2011 I'm using has no USB 3.0
--> Didn't work <--
Tool: Kextbeast
http://tonymacx86.blogspot.ch/2010/08/kextbeast-simple-kext-installer.html
Driver extension
http://sourceforge.net/projects/genericusbxhci/files/
http://www.insanelymac.com/forum/topic/286860-genericusbxhci-usb-30-driver-for-o s-x-with-source/page-2