Hi speedandfinality. I think you're suffering a problem that has raised its head since Snow Leopard days. Basically, DNS stops working. Specifically, the mDNSresponder process stops working. Firefox doesn't seem to use this layer in MAC OSX, Safari and Chrome do. Killing mDNSresponder results in it restarting and normal network operation resumes (or you can sometimes just wait a while and it starts working by itself).
I dug around and found http://kyen99.tumblr.com, which mentions this problem for Snow Leopard, and provides a program you can download that kills the process if you don't like delving into Terminal. You can put this in your dock for quick access.
Actually, for me, I always got this problem when a firewire scanner was connected during sleep. Disconnecting it solved the problem. But there are many, many people with different symptoms.
Hope this helps.