I confirm this is happening to me. In fact, I recently noticed the problem late at night when I was working in a quiet environment and ever since, have noticed it all the time.
I searched google to see if my issue was isolated and found this thread. So I'm not going crazy after all 🙂
I confirm it's not limited to Safari, as I had first thought. I opened up TextEdit and got the noise there. The reason I initially never noticed it in TextEdit is that I don't seem to edit TextEdit documents very often.
* So yes, I confirm you must be editing text. In addition, it's not enough to just be editing text, but it needs to be several characters/lines worth of text. Just one, tow or even three lines of text doesn't produce the effect.
* Next, I hear the sound regardless of the volume on the computer. I can mute it and still hear it.
* It does seem to be just slightly under a rate of one 'tink' for every key press--provided the key press results in a printed character of significant width. Shift and other modifier keys don't produce the sound, and even option-e doesn't produce the sound until I type another character to inherit the '´' accent. Pressing a key that produces a narrow character (such as [ or |) doesn't always produce it unless you type more than one.
* I do have my cpu set to maximum performance. I used to have it on auto up until about a week ago, so this strongly suggests a correlation and why I never heard it before.
My theory is that this has something to do with the number of characters that have to be displaced into new positions when typing in a new character. Once you exceed some threshold, something must be happening that requires some process to occur on each key press that produces this sound.