What it did when you updated the iphone software is that it created a backup within iTunes. You can see it if you go to Edit>Preferences and then click the Devices tab. On a mac go to iTunes>Preferences and Devices tab. It will show the iphone name and date of the backup.
So what you want to do is right click on the device name on the left of iTunes and choose "restore from backup". Then choose the file showing on the date of when you guys updated the iphone software. This will then add the information from the backup including photos that were taken with the iphone (not ones that were synced from a computer) and put those back on it.
For more info follow this articles and will show you what I just explained and also where the backups are located depending on the computer and OS that you have.
http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1414
http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1766