I found this website -
http://prowiki.isc.upenn.edu/wiki/Solvingtimeout_issues_withActiveDirectory
Here, it is described that you can modify the following file: /Library/Preferences/DirectoryService/ActiveDirectory.plist
If you look for the line which contains "LDAP Connection Timeout". He states a default of 240 seconds, but found my default to be 90. I changed it to 5, and found that the login speed was greatly improved. However, it still takes about 20 seconds for any password to be authenticated, unless I turn off AirPort...
sigh.
Perhaps there is another timeout value somewhere else which can be altered.
Have a nice day, and hope this helps.
-James