Well what do you know! I had sort of ruled out memory error as responsible for my issues, because I ran the Apple hardware test early on in the diagnostic differential without producing errors. But today I decided to try Memtest86+, and errors popped up after running it for 5 seconds! This does not necessarily mean that the memory modules are faulty, it would actually be kind of strange with so many people experiencing bad memory modules almost only in one particular model, the 13" MBP.
It seems that people are starting to experience similar problems with the new Macbook Air models, that share one crucial component with the 13" MBP: The Nvidia MCP89/ Geforce 320m Media and Communications Processor (MCP). It is a single chip that houses among other things the integrated graphics controller, the IO controllers (In-Out controllers like USB, PCI Express, S-ATA etc) and the memory controller. When I said that it was not necessarily the memory modules that were responsible for the errors that occured in Memtest, there could also be other causes, like a faulty or badly configured memory controller. If you change memory modules and errors disappear, you would easily blame the modules, but it could also be caused by a myriad of other things, like faulty voltage tolerances in the memory controller or the memory modules, wrongly configured firmware (EFI) etc that somehow only produce errors in certain types of memory.
Now, as I have spent way too much time at work trying to troubleshoot this issue, sending my MBP away for service etc, I am going to ask my boss for permission to upgrade the memory to 2x 4GB, and see if that makes the crashes go away by exchanging the RAM. If the crashing stops I will ask to have the memory modules replaced and keep them as spares, if crashing persists, I will have to return the entire MBP.
If you are able to download Memtest86+ and burn it to a CD, you could try booting from the CD and running Memtest yourselves; hold alt at startup with the CD in the drive, and choose to start from the CD. Memtest starts automatically, and should be run for a few passes, or as long as you like really, the longer the better unless it starts throwing errors immediately.
http://www.memtest.org/
Message was edited by: Houd.ini