Keith,
I'm behind a firewall/NAT, can I use BitTorrent?
Yes, but you will get better performance if other peers can connect to you.
Here is everything
you need to know about ports to open with firewalls when dealing with bit torrent protocol based p2p applications.
Here in even more detail of why and how you will get poor/slow p2p performance behind a firewall, if you need it.
If you use the default port numbers you do not have to change the client software as they use these ports as "well known" for the bit torrent protocol. This makes it easy for the ISPs to monitor network traffic based on the port numbers and build lists of overall percentages of traffic in their systems that are bit torrent based and who is using them. If you want to gain a tiny bit more security you can pick a random high number port such as 46712 and open that in the firewall for incoming tcpip traffic but you will then have to configure the same number in your client software's preferences.