Yes, you can. I just replaced my Macbook Pro Core Duo 2006's airport card and being able to use 802.11n at 130 mbps. works perfect. ( it seems that I should get 270mbps if I have a wifi router that supports 5ghz / 40mhz dual channel, however my wifi router only has 2.4ghz / 40mhz which limits mac os to use dual channel )
Old card - Atheros AR5BXB6 (802.11 b /g) mini PCI-e Wireless Card
New card - Broadcom BCM4321 (802.11 a/b/g/n) mini PCI-e Wireless Card
Mine is macbook pro but I would guess the macbook has the same wifi card ( or at lest used PCI-e card) easy to replace. for os10.6, the card will automatically recognize to your system.
I bought the card for $26 (including shipment) at
http://bit.ly/9K3NNP. once you get the card, you can search for video that explains how to open up your macbook replace wifi card.
The same Broadcom BCM4321 wifi card can be used on Mac Pro which I have tested before installing to Macbook Pro.
I don't find 2 antenna / 3 antenna issue a big deal as I use Atheros AR5BXB72 AR5008 (802.11 a/b/g/n) mini PCI-e Wireless Card on MacPro which has 3 antenna ports ( that should get 300 mbps if you can hook up with dual channel) although the network utility shows constant send and recv packet error that never occurs to Broadcom card ( send / recv error stays 0) with 2 antenna tested either on MacPro or Macbook pro.
I found your post searching a way to make macs to work 802.11n - 270 or 300mbps at 2.4ghz / 40mhz dual channel by installing software or some sort. I see Atheros or Broadcom both card supports dual channel on 5ghz on macs. There is a post by someone who wrote mac ( bootcamp / windows) can get 40mhz dual channel on 2.4ghz 11n, should be a way to make it work...
Anyway, good luck with your 802.11n on your macbook.