iPhone is disabled, cannot access original iTunes

Is there any way I can get someone at home to take some sort of backup of the synchronized file or of iTunes itself and mail it to me here so that I can restore my iphone from my work computer?

I'm assuming you're talking about the passcode lock, correct? If so, even if you got someone to copy your phone's backup to a thumb drive and mail such to you, you will still have to restore your phone as a new device and not from backup to remove the passcode. You can only restore from backup ON THE LAST COMPUTER THE PHONE WAS SYNCED WITH to remove the passcode, if you cannot remember such. Since you can't do that, your only choice is to restore as new.

With your phone connected, itunes running, right click the phone in the device pane & select "restore". You will only be able to restore as new.

First, update itunes to 9.2, when that's done, reboot the computer.

Then, see if you can force the phone into recovery mode:

Turn your phone off. Leave the USB cable connected to your computer, but NOT your phone, itunes running, press & hold the home button while connecting the USB cable to your dock connector, continue holding the home button until you see “Connect to iTunes” on the screen. You may now release the home button. iTunes should now display that it has detected your phone in recovery mode, if not quit and reopen iTunes. If you still don’t see the recovery message repeat these steps again. iTunes will give you the option to restore from a backup or set up as new. In your case, select "new".

Make sure all firewalls & ant-virus software are turned OFF.