Think of the Buffer as a Digital Audio Bit Bucket, your computer's CPU needs to keep the bucket from emptying, the smaller the Input/Output Buffer the less time and the harder the CPU has to work keeping the bucket above empty. If it the buffer does hit empty you can get a system overload and/or audio artifact. Since the CPU also has to provide processor cycles for all virtual instruments native DSP effects and all in Real Time, you can see that I/O Buffer size is an important setting. There is also a side effect involved. The larger the CPU buffer the more time your computer has to work, however more latency is introduced into the system. This shows up as a slight delay when monitoring a voice/guitar/instrument running through Logic's audio engine, it can also cause a small delay when playing virtual instruments from a MIDI controller. Most MIDI/Controller work can use a 256K buffer, audio monitoring w/Logic effects needs a 128 buffer. When mixing/listening and not recording the buffer can be set from 256 on up.