Almost fell for an Apple phishing email, do they have my information?

I received an email in my inbox from what looked to be from Apple saying I need to verify my account and that my Apple ID is locked because someone tried signing into it with FaceTime from an iPhone Xs I was super confused but worried because someone has tried hacking into my Apple account in the past. I click verify account, taken to the Apple page which I now know is fake, and it asks me to sign in. Then I get suspicious when it asks me for my credit card info then my full social security #, I exit out right when I get to a page that tells me to take a selfie with the front and back of my card. I then notice that it was a fraudulent email and that the email wasn't from Apple, they didn't even say "Dear *my name*" they said "Dear *my email*" I felt so stupid almost falling for that. I changed my password and logged out of all the accounts it could've potentially been signed in.

I didn't submit anything, but is there a chance the scammer could have any of the info I put in? I clicked the next button so for some reason I think it saved on their end, even though when I clicked the verify account link again it wanted me to sign in again so I don't think anything saved? I'm pretty scared right now I don't know what to do. I forwarded the email to Apple.