That stinks your MacBook was stolen my friend. But to answer your question, if someone brings your MacBook Pro that is subject to the battery safety recall into an Apple Store (or Apple Authorized Service Provider) then Apple (or the service provider) will service it and give it back to them.
Apple doesn't check serial numbers with the local police department nor does it keep any database of goods reported as stolen by the customer.
If you have Find My Mac enabled you should lock your Mac and put a recovery message on there:
If your Mac is lost or stolen - Apple Support
Other than that, reporting it to the police and insurance company (renters, home owners, or auto if it was stolen from your car) is the only thing you can do I'm afraid.