Recover deleted text message

Assuming you do not house your messages in iCloud, they are stored on the latest iPhone backup that was created while the message(s) was/were present.

Restore that backup to retrieve the message(s).

Restore your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch from a backup - Apple Support

So you need to restore an entire phone backup to recover a single text message?

Buckeyeflu wrote:

So you need to restore an entire phone backup to recover a single text message?

That is correct. A restore is an "all or nothing" operation. Restoring brings the entire iPhone back to the way it was when the backup was created.