I need to extract data from my SSD

If the Apple Store is unable to help you, you may have to consider bringing the SSD to a data recovery service. They will be able to recover data for you. The data better be valuable because the service is not cheap.

I'm an old hand at most IT stuff but new to recent Apple tech so this might not be right but is this the thing you're looking for?

https://www.amazon.co.uk/pin-28pin-Adapter-2013-2014-Macbook/dp/B014FTKOWA/ref=asc_df_B014FTKOWA/?tag=googshopuk-21&linkCode=df0&hvadid=310813607888&hvpos=1o2&hvnetw=g&hvrand=5413813756377215647&hvpone=&hvptwo=&hvqmt=&hvdev=c&hvdvcmdl=&hvlocint=&hvlocphy=9045572&hvtargid=pla-562701514546&psc=1

OWC sells a replacement blade AND an external enclosure for your old one on this page:

https://eshop.macsales.com/upgrades/macbook-pro-retina-13-inch-early-2015-2.7-ghz/internal-drives

contact them about buying just the enclosure.

Or re-install the old blade, boot up MacOS from a different external drive (or that drive if it still boots) make a backup to another drive, then swap back to the new blade.

Here are the OWC enclosures for the various Apple PCIe SATA SSDs. These enclosures are only for the original Apple PCIe SATA SSD. Make sure to select the one which matches your model laptop which should be this one.

These should be the ones for the 2013-2015 MBPros.

New:

https://eshop.macsales.com/item/OWC/MAU3ENPRPCI/

Open Box:

https://eshop.macsales.com/item/OWC/MAU3ENPRPCIO/

Used:

https://eshop.macsales.com/item/OWC/MAU3ENPRPCIU/