I had the exact same issue. I cleared out my storage. I had over 70GB of memory open. It said not enough memory. I was told the same thing-it used my base system. I am not sure why or what this means, but the installation totally failed. Then we tried to install
Mojave again. It failed and it used 1/2 the memory in this base system. After many hours and also trying to use an external drive, for some reason the mojave install progressed and it showed the full amount of memory again. However, when it reinstalled it wiped everything out. I had manually saved my files to an external drive. With Command A and copy I put them back. They twice disappeared and left nothing but the folders! They did assist and had me change something in the terminal so that the rights were restored to read the files. This is my work computer. I am going into the apple store to have them assist with the installation, but I am concerned the same thing will happen again. I am also first going to have two external
drives with the time capsule first. Any suggestions before I go to the Genius Bar in a few days? Did anyone figure out for some of us why it used the base system memory?