ditto.
What's even worse is I've found that once I boot into Catalina *and* if another boot volume (like Mojave) is mounted at startup (along with my Catalina boot volume), the attempts to search Mail back on Mojave volume return empty results once Catalina has touched that Mojave boot volume. Complete speculation here but I suspect Catalina is nuking existing data in the Spotlight index on data volumes making that volume's indexed data unusable even back on the macOS version that originally created the Spotlight index. (*)
Fortunately, a work around that's been successful for me is to select individual mail folders in Mail.app and then select 'Mailbox > Rebuild' to rebuild the index of those selected folders. Then searches in Mail will find things again. You will have to do this to all your mail folders in Mail.app (online and local) to get them searchable again. Yes, you could select all of the folders and choose 'Rebuild' but depending on the size of your stored mail folders that could take some time. And unfortunately, there's no end-user visual progress indicator for when each rebuild of a folder is complete.
*- what leads me to believe this is after booting on Catalina *and* another volume is mounted and present in Catalina, if I reboot back into Mojave attempts to then use Spotlight to find something result in the Spotlight window showing rebuild progress bar. Once it finishes rebuilding Spotlight indexes, then data becomes searchable again. Similarly, manually rebuilding mail folders in Mail.app rebuilds indexes allowing searches to work in Mail.app. ( bug #FB7427058 )