I have exactly the same problem since moving to Catalina (I even had waited for 15.1) and I have been working on trying to resolve this since WEEKS. It's the worst problem I've ever experienced on a Mac in 20+ years. It affects my productivity enormously, because I need Apple Mail as a client.
I've spent numerous hours with support, performing all of the typical tasks they request. We could reproduce it under safe mode, with a new user, and also deleting lots of things in the libraries did not lead to any sustainable change.
Due to this (OK, and the new keyboard) I've even decided to immediately move to a new full-spec MacBook Pro 16" from my late 2018 (!) full-spec MacBook Pro. Interestingly, after migrating it was gone and performed well for something like a week until I added a certificate because I had to decrypt an encrypted e-mail that I had received in the past and was readable on my "old" 2018 MacBook Pro. Since adding the certificate, the problem was back on the new machine, so it seems to be related to certificates. I've tried to delete as much keychain data as possible related to my mail accounts (the problem it seems to be Exchange related) and I also removed the certificate from the keychain. Interestingly, the problem persisted even after removing the certificate. One thing I also noticed is, that one e-mail related certificate seems to come back automatically, even if I've deleted it. But this certificate is not the certificate I had needed for decrypting.
Following the final instructions here (https://buymymonkey.wordpress.com/2019/10/27/osx-catalina-cpu-spike-checking-mail-after-upgrade/) brought some days of relief. But now it's back, so maybe it's just a question of time and me adding the certificate just coincided with the problem occuring again. But I personally dont think so, because accountsd is keychain related and this would be a very big coincidence.
It's really frustrating. Even three calls with 2nd level (sadly, with three different people) didn't help. I had to redo many, many things even though I informed them what I had performed in the past on their request. In the end, the last agent just made very unprofessional (and obviously wrong) assumptions about the cause and told me to contact Microsoft, because it's not Apple's fault, also AppleCare just is a hardware guarantee, and with reinstalling everything my problem would be gone.
They just ignored that due to moving to the new computer I was able to pinpoint a possible cause of this - in my opinion - huge problem which clearly is some system bug. Also, no one was able to explain why the deleted certificate keeps coming back.
I'm really surprised that within spending multiple hours in high level support no one ever wanted to look into console or process info which might give clues what it relates to. Sadly, I'm not able to decipher the system information, but I'd say there's lots of indications on errors visible in console.
Apple needs to do something with this problem.
Obviously it's affecting more people than just me, in exactly the same way.