sharingd is used for screen sharing, file sharing, etc; all found in Sharing Preferences.
Would changing any of these settings prevent Mojave from resetting the delays to the default?
I have no reason to believe they would. It's certainly possible one setting might conflict with another but I can't think of any.
My thought was that it was specific to Mojave, but obviously it isn't. It happens also in Catalina.
I was thinking the same. The one I'm testing (an older iMac running Cat) still hasn't changed:
iMac15:~ john$ pmset -g
System-wide power settings:
Currently in use:
standby 0
Sleep On Power Button 1
womp 1
halfdim 1
hibernatefile /var/vm/sleepimage
powernap 1
gpuswitch 2
autorestart 0
networkoversleep 0
disksleep 10
standbydelayhigh 3600
sleep 1 (sleep prevented by backupd)
autopoweroffdelay 28800
hibernatemode 0
autopoweroff 1
ttyskeepawake 1
displaysleep 10
highstandbythreshold 50
standbydelaylow 86400
iMac15:~ john$
File sharing and screen sharing are shown below, so I have no explanation for that one's behavior.

Other Sharing preferences have been enabled from time to time with no adverse effects on system sleep or anything else.
Wake for Network Access and Power Nap are enabled also. App Store, FaceTime, Mail, Safari... lots of other apps are running.
I noticed that when the Chrome browser was open, the "sharingd" showed up when I did pmset.
Try uninstalling it? Google infests a system with a plethora of modifications notorious for causing unacceptable behavior. To suggest Google is altering nvram contents is absurd, but altering sharing preferences is plausible, and it's not as though Google hasn't been caught altering macOS itself. That's particularly egregious, and illustrates one reason (among many) I prohibit its installation on my systems.
The website suggested restarting the computer. Maybe it's a good idea to periodically restart the computer instead of keeping it in standby all of the time.
Yeah I see that recommendation frequently. When facing an inexplicable problem rebooting is a simple first step, but doing that routinely or periodically is unacceptable to my requirements. For one, FileVault requires a user to physically be present to log in after a reboot, otherwise the Mac will just shut down again. They all sleep and wake as required (and desktops all use UPSs protected with backup generators).
Macs should go for weeks or months on end without restarting. They seem to work better that way. If there is a periodic need to restart them to fix some problem its cause ought to be investigated and addressed. It's always some ill-tempered app or system modification.
Other than that suggestion I have no explanation. I'm afraid that leaves you no closer to resolving the issue.